Encoding
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Encoded +Memories
+Joseph +J. Green
+Northern +Arizona University
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+ There are many examples of how +memories are encoded. Throughout the experience from sensing +something to storing it to long term memory, information must travel +through three types of memory. Some of these memories must be +intentionally encoded in order to do anything with them, or else they +will be lost. Some memories may be automatically be transferred to +long term memory, sometimes without the knowledge of the person who +sensed whatever it was that was remembered.
+The +three types of memory in which sensory information must pass through +are sensory, short term, also known as working memory, and long term +memory (Ipfw.edu, n.d.). Sensory information is stored as raw data +where it is not yet encoded (Ipfw.edu, n.d.; Learning.hccs.edu, +n.d.). This memory has a very large capacity, but lasts only for a +very short period of three seconds or less (Ipfw.edu, n.d.). If the +information wasn’t immediately discarded, it can be passed on to +short term memory, where it can be worked on (Ipfw.edu, n.d.; +Learning.hccs.edu, n.d.), or, in some cases, encoded directly to long +term memory (Evl.uic.edu, n.d.). In short term memory, the capacity +is much smaller than the sensory memory, but the duration is much +longer. Instead of a huge capacity, the short term memory can hold +onto about only 7 chunks of information, and instead of only being +able to maintain these memories for mere seconds, it can last about +20-30 seconds (Evl.uic.edu, n.d.) without rehearsal. After moving +into the long term memory, whether it went there directly from +sensory, or passed through short term memory first, it can last a +lifetime (Evl.uic.edu, n.d.). While some of this information may be +passed onto long term storage intentionally, much of it requires +intentional, active thought.
+When +we attempt to encode things intentionally to long term memory, it +must first end up in short term memory where we can work with it. +Encoding can be defined as, “the active process of putting +information into memory—a matter of forming cognitive +representations of information,” (Ipfw.edu, n.d.). Perhaps we sense +something such as a night light, if we wanted to recognize what it +is, and work on it in our short term memory, we must first pay +attention on it. Perhaps we just want to see it’s shape or color, +if that’s as far as we go, it is likely the memory will be +forgotten when other stimuli take up the available space in short +term memory, or if enough time passes. However, perhaps we want to be +able to recall it later, in that case, we must then try to encode it +into long term memory. In order to do that, we need to perform some +sort of rehearsal of the memory until it sticks into long term +memory. Perhaps it looks like a rock and we attempt to associate it +with a rock, or think about it until it is remembered. As another +example, perhaps we want to study for a test. That’s not likely to +happen automatically. We have to go over the subject matter over and +over again, and perhaps add retention techniques such as word and +image association (Learning.hccs.edu, n.d.) in order to remember it. +Much like the other two examples, trying to remember state capitals +will require a specific attention and rehearsal in order to commit +them to long term memory.
+While +it would seem like quite a bit of attention is needed to store long +term memories, this isn’t always true. For example, what did you +eat for lunch today? A treat from a vending machine? Did you make an +effort to remember that? Probably not. Often, memories are formed and +stored just by the process of a given experience (Learning.hccs.edu, +n.d.). Think about these very words you are reading right now, are +you thinking about the definition of the words? Probably not if +English is your primary language, yet the ideas put forth are clearly +understood with no conscious effort on the readers part to understand +it (Learning.hccs.edu, n.d.). Sometimes we even recall memories that +never touched our short term memory, memories which we paid no +attention to in the least. Perhaps one day someone sees an odd shape +on a wall and doesn’t take any conscious notice of it. Later, this +person sees a shape that was similar to the one (s)he didn’t notice +earlier, and wonders why it looks familiar (Evl.uic.edu, n.d.).
+As +we can see, there are many things in this world in which we remember +and encode to long term memory, both intentionally and automatically. +Intentional memorization of information must pass from sensory memory +to short term memory where we can finally make an attempt to encode +it to long term memory. Sometimes this process is automatic, such as +what we had for lunch, and sometimes information can automatically +skip the short term memory, and go straight to storage. There are +many examples of both automatic and manual memory encoding. +
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+Evl.uic.edu. +(n.d.). [online] Available at: +https://www.evl.uic.edu/sugimoto/psych1.html [Accessed 30 Mar. 2018].
++Ipfw.edu. +(n.d.). Chapter 6 Memory. [online] Available at: +https://www.ipfw.edu/dotAsset/786eb264-0dbd-41bb-8f23-adcc753b46b9.pdf +[Accessed 30 Mar. 2018].
++Learning.hccs.edu. +(n.d.). 07 +Human Memory. +[online] Available at: +http://learning.hccs.edu/faculty/mark.oliver/lectures-for-intro-to-psychology/lecture-for-chapter-seven +[Accessed 30 Mar. 2018].
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Title +of Paper
+Sub +Title
+Joseph +J. Green
+Northern +Arizona University
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+Please give three examples of +encoded messages that you do automatically, without conscious +thought, and three examples of encoded messages that require specific +attention.
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Intro
+1 +Encoded messages what is it?
+Encoding +is the active process of putting information into memory—a matter +of forming cognitive representations of information QUOTE THIS
+Different +types of memory:
+Sensory
+Stored +for a few seconds. +
+Not +encoded. (ipfw) (uic)
+Large +capacity (power point site)
+.2 +seconds of visual, 2 seconds of audatory (power point site)
+Short +Term
+15 +to 20 seconds without rehersal
+Getting +memory to STM requires attention
+Can +old 7 t+- 2 chunks of information
+Long +Term
+2 +three encoded messages automatically
+Walking +around a grocery store and remembering where things are
+Remembering +where items are around a house doors windows light switches etc
+seeing +a picture on the wall may not even register in the consious mind, +but it may have been transferred to long term memory without any +thought. When seeing the picture later, it may be reconized. (UIC)
+Things +that take no effort and are remembered via experiance
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3 +three encoded messages specific attention
+Studying +for a test.
+multiplication +tables
+State +capitals
+outro
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sources
+1ST: +https://www.ipfw.edu/dotAsset/786eb264-0dbd-41bb-8f23-adcc753b46b9.pdf
+power +point site +http://learning.hccs.edu/faculty/mark.oliver/lectures-for-intro-to-psychology/lecture-for-chapter-seven
+https://www.evl.uic.edu/sugimoto/psych1.html
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")
+for file in files:
+ if file[-3:] == "odt":
+ print(file[2:-4] + " " + "[HTML] [ODT]" )
+ print("")
+ print("
")
+ if file[-4:] == "pptx":
+ print(file[2:-5] + " " + "[PPTX]" )
+ print("
")
+print("
+Encoded Memories Notes [HTML] [ODT]
+
+
+Encoded Memories [HTML] [ODT]