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172 lines
9.8 KiB
HTML
172 lines
9.8 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
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<title></title>
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<meta name="generator" content="LibreOffice 6.0.5.2 (Linux)"/>
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<meta name="created" content="2018-01-05T14:03:39.991112897"/>
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<meta name="changed" content="2018-03-18T14:15:04.746328095"/>
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<style type="text/css">
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@page { margin: 1in }
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p { margin-bottom: 0.1in; line-height: 120% }
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a:link { so-language: zxx }
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</head>
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<body lang="en-US" dir="ltr">
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<div title="header">
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0.2in; line-height: 100%">CROSS
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CULTURAL <sdfield type=PAGE subtype=RANDOM format=PAGE>0</sdfield></p>
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</div>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Cross
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Cultural Confusions</font></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Joseph
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J. Green</font></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Northern
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Arizona University</font></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%; page-break-before: always">
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<br/>
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</p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Dealing
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with different cultures certainly has its share of hurdles. Different
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cultures have opposite meanings, or no meaning at all, for certain
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gestures. Various cultures have different ways of communicating in
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general. Some prefer to be absolutely direct, and others tend to be
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more indirect. Eye contact, which many Americans are thought is
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exceptionally important and polite to practice, other cultures, they
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might not feel quite the same way. There are, of course, some
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precautions that can be taken when interacting with other cultures to
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try to maintain the best relationships possible, and communicate our
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ideas as cleanly as possible.</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Eye
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contact is a particularly hard issue to overcome. In many countries,
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it is incredibly impolite to not make eye contact, in others making
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eye contact is a challenge, and others still vary depending on
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situation. For example, in Mexico, it is polite to avoid eye contact
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with people of a higher authority. Mexican children are taught this
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from a young age in an effort to respect their wise elders
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(Philipchuck, Tuttle and Moreland, 2001). While Americans, on the
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other hand, may become agitated or feel that the other person isn’t
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showing proper respect if they avoid eye contact in any situation.</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Gestures
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are another source of discontent between people of different
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cultures. The same hand symbol in one country, could be completely
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obscene in another. For example, the American sign for “A OK,”
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where they put their index finger on their thumb, means something
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completely obscene in Brazil (Darkwing.uoregon.edu, n.d.). Or a
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“thumbs up” which means approval to Americans, means something
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horrible in Argentina (Rhani.public.iastate.edu, n.d.). Germany is
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another great example, where they may tap their forehead to indicate
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that they think someone is stupid, yet that same gesture moved a bit
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closer to the temple in the United States means that they think
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someone is smart (Intercultural Communication, n.d.).</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> In
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some places around the world, especially in Asian countries, it can
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be seen that people like to avoid being direct. Where an American or
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a German might say a thing and mean that thing, a Japanese or Korean
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person may say a thing, but not necessarily mean that thing, but
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instead use cultural context clues to signify approval or disapproval
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(Intercultural Communication, n.d.). In fact, the Japanese
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specifically find it polite to be indirect, and have a hard time
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coming terms with being direct when moving to, or visiting, America,
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whereas the American sees being direct as the polite thing to do
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(Yokota, 2000).</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> While
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there are many hurdles to overcome, they are not insurmountable.
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Gestures are actually really easy to deal with. Just don’t use
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them. Some gestures may be positive to some cultures and negative to
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others, but no gestures at all is a safe bet. If they are avoided
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completely, people can’t accidentally insult people by using the
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wrong gestures. However, most other things, such as eye contact and
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speaking style, are much harder to deal with. The most important
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thing that can be done, is to learn about a target culture before
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interacting with it. If someone has the luxury of having associates
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local to the culture being interacted with, they can be used to watch
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for something offensive, or even help understand what the people
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doing business actually mean. When dealing with cultures with a
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different language, interpreters will be needed. Interpreters can
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help, just as the local associate, by letting someone know if (s)he
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is being rude, or what is expected to be polite. When dealing with
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important deals or documents, it’s prudent to have multiple
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interpreters and for each party to to communicate through the
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interpreters the ideas as they understand them to hopefully insure
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synergy in intent and understanding (Intercultural Communication,
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n.d.).</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> As
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we can see, it’s incredibly easy to make a faux pas if one tries to
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assume that gestures are the same across cultures. It’s just as
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easy to find problems if people assume that people of other cultures
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communicate the same way, or have the same expectations of that
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communication. Even something as simple as improper eye contact could
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ruin business deals. However, these hurdles aren’t as big of a
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problem so long as proper measures are taken to prevent offending
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each other’s culture, and to make sure our ideas are being clearly
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transmitted.</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<h2 class="western" align="left" style="font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; page-break-before: always">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman">References</font></font></h2>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman">Darkwing.uoregon.edu.
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(n.d.). <i>Customs Brasil</i>. [online] Available at:
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http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~sergiok/brasil/customs.html [Accessed 18
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Mar. 2018].</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman"><i>Intercultural
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Communication</i>. (n.d.). [video] bigworldmedia.</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman">Philipchuck, C.,
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Tuttle, S. and Moreland, S. (2001). <i>Mexico E-Resume ~
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Nonverbal</i>. [online] Academic.depauw.edu. Available at:
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http://academic.depauw.edu/mkfinney_web/teaching/Com227/culturalPortfolios/mexico/nonverbal.htm
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[Accessed 18 Mar. 2018].</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman">Rhani.public.iastate.edu.
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(n.d.). <i>Non Verbal Communication</i>. [online] Available at:
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http://rhani.public.iastate.edu/nonverbalreading.html [Accessed 18
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Mar. 2018].</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in">
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<font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing: normal"><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">Yokota,
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K. (2000). </span></span></span></font></span><span style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing: normal"><i><span style="font-weight: normal">American
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Directness and the Japanese</span></i></span></font></span><span style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing: normal"><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">.
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[online] Leo.stcloudstate.edu. Available at:
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https://leo.stcloudstate.edu/kaleidoscope/volume3/direct.html
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[Accessed 18 Mar. 2018].</span></span></span></font></span></font></p>
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</body>
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</html>
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