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HTML
200 lines
12 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
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<title></title>
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<meta name="generator" content="LibreOffice 6.0.5.2 (Linux)"/>
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<meta name="created" content="2018-01-05T14:03:39.991112897"/>
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<meta name="changed" content="2018-04-27T11:48:46.152009224"/>
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<style type="text/css">
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@page { margin: 1in }
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p { margin-bottom: 0.1in; line-height: 120% }
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<body lang="en-US" dir="ltr">
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<div title="header">
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0.2in; line-height: 100%">BIRTH
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RENAISSANCE <sdfield type=PAGE subtype=RANDOM format=PAGE>0</sdfield></p>
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</div>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Birth
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City of the Renaissance</font></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Joseph
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J. Green</font></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Northern
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Arizona University</font></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%; page-break-before: always">
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<font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Florence was the birthplace of
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the Renaissance and was important to the genesis of the Renaissance
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for many reasons. Florence was in a unique position due to its strong
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economy, its focus on art, and its support of the individual. Due to
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the many unique features of Florence, it is no surprise that it would
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be the city to give birth to the Renaissance.</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Florence
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managed to create some of the most wealthy families in Europe.
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Florence had an exceptionally wealthy upper and middle class of
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merchants and bankers. Much of this wealth can be attributed to the
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relative peace that the Italian peninsula enjoyed at the time, and
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its relatively early trade with the East. In fact, Florence was so
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economically strong, their currency, the gold florin, was
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internationally recognized. With wealth, typically, comes desires to
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use it to expand upon the pleasures of life (Harris and Zucker,
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n.d.). At the time of the Renaissance, those pleasures often included
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literature and art which are two subjects generally associated with
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the Renaissance, such expenditures must have contributed to the birth
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of the Renaissance. It was also around this time that the banking
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Medici family, who, for a time, had the most profitable family
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business in all of Europe, came to power (Lenihan, 2008).</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Florence
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also had an exceptionally high influence on the development of art.
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It was during this time that Giotto di Bondone entered the art scene,
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and revolutionized art by making art in a completely new way. He
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created art that focused on being more naturalistic to the human
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form. He and his contemporaries formed a “thriving artistic
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community that responded to the great demand for art and literature
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in the growing city” (Getty.edu, 2013). The Medici family had a
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great interest in arts and literature, so it should come to no
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surprise that they contributed greatly to the development of the
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Renaissance. When they first came to true political power under the
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leadership of Cosimo il Vecchio, Cosimo spent much of his wealth
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improving the culture of Florence. One of his major accomplishments
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was creating the largest library in Europe. His library included many
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works from across the world including that of Greek sources, such as
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the works of Plato. He also created the Platonic Academy, and
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patronized Marsilio Ficino who would go on to create the first Latin
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edition of the collected works of Plato. Aside from his major
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contributions to literature and intellect, he also focused heavily on
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art. He supported artists such as Ghiberti, who created The Gates of
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Paradise, Brunelleschi, who, among many other wonders of his ability
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as an architect, successfully designed a dome to top the Florence
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Cathedral, Donatello, who sculpted a bronze David, Alberti, another
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architect, who contributed to various measurement systems, Fra
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Angelico, who’s fresco paintings are rated among the best of
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Italian art, and Ucello, who was an imaginative painter and a
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designer for stained glass (Galileo.rice.edu, n.d.;Artic.edu,
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2007;Oneonta.edu, n.d.;Browarny, n.d.;Hood, n.d.;The J. Paul Getty in
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Los Angeles, n.d.). While the culture was certainly flourishing
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anyway, the Medici family clearly had an eye for talent, and became a
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huge contributor to the development of art in the Renaissance. With
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talent such as this, it is no wonder how Florence became the cultural
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and humanist center of Europe.</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Another
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unique aspect of Florence was its focus on individuality and respect
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for the individual. Florence was a republic, a place where individual
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freedom was guaranteed, and many citizens had a right to participate
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in the government. Florence also had a high literacy rate compared to
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other European countries of the time (Lenihan, 2008). The people of
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Florence took great pride in their government and feared losing it to
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threats from Milan, who was ruled by dukes with absolute power, and
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the Kingdom of Naples (Harris and Zucker, n.d.). Such freedom and
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focus on individuality must have been the proper recipe to allow
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Florence to flourish as the center of rebirth for Europe. Under a
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harsh reign, as was common during the fall of feudalism, it is hard
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to believe that the people would have been able to accumulate the
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wealth and power necessary to focus their attention on cultural
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development. If the people suffered harsh restrictions on trade, or
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if the people were repressed from expressing their creativity, how
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could they possibly become the center of cultural revolution?</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Would
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the Renaissance have happened were it not for the unique advantages
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found in Florence? Possibly, but there is no question that Florence
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managed to accelerate that movement. The wealth and relative peace of
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the people contributed no small amount to the ability of the people
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to focus their attention on things beyond the struggle to stay alive.
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Wealth that was then used to contribute vastly to the arts and
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literacy which allowed people of renowned talent to come to fruition.
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People who continue to challenge the best of what we have to offer,
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in their respective disciplines, today. The freedom that the people
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of Florence enjoyed must have contributed greatly to the people’s
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ability to obtain wealth and spend it on the arts, as well as being a
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necessary catalyst to the development of humanism. With boons such
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as these, there is little wonder how Florence could be considered the
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genesis of the Renaissance.</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%; page-break-before: always">
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<br/>
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</p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">RESOURCES</font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman">Browarny, L. <i>Leone
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Battista Alberti: Defining Humanist Architecture</i>. <i>Academia.edu</i>.
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Retrieved 27 April 2018, from
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https://www.academia.edu/321161/Leone_Battista_Alberti_Defining_Humanist_Architecture</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman"><i>Donatello's
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David</i>. <i>Oneonta.edu</i>. Retrieved 27 April 2018, from
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https://www.oneonta.edu/faculty/farberas/arth/arth213/donatello_david.html</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman"><i>Fillipo
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Brunelleschi</i>. <i>Galileo.rice.edu</i>. Retrieved 27 April
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2018, from
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http://galileo.rice.edu/lib/student_work/florence96/jyoti/brun.html</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman"><i>Florence at the
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Dawn of the Renaissance (Getty Center Exhibitions)</i>.
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(2013). <i>Getty.edu</i>. Retrieved 27 April 2018, from
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https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/florence/</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman">Harris, B., &
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Zucker, S. <i>Florence in the Early Renaissance</i>. <i>Khan
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Academy</i>. Retrieved 27 April 2018, from
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https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/beginners-renaissance-florence/a/florence-in-the-early-renaissance</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman">Hood, W. <i>Fra
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Angelico at San Marco | Yale University Press</i>. <i>Yalebooks.yale.edu</i>.
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Retrieved 27 April 2018, from
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https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300057348/fra-angelico-san-marco</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman">Lenihan, T.
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(2008). <i>Medici Patronage &amp; Italian Renaissance
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Art</i>. <i>Academia.edu</i>. Retrieved 27 April 2018, from
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https://www.academia.edu/7384443/Medici_Patronage_and_Italian_Renaissance_Art</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman"><i>Paolo Uccello
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(Italian, about 1397 - 1475) (Getty Museum)</i>. <i>The J. Paul
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Getty in Los Angeles</i>. Retrieved 27 April 2018, from
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https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/13825/paolo-uccello-italian-about-1397-1475/</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman"><i>The Galileo
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Project | Galileo | Patrons | Medici Family</i>. <i>Galileo.rice.edu</i>.
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Retrieved 27 April 2018, from http://galileo.rice.edu/gal/medici.html</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-indent: -0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
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<font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman"><i>The Gates of
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Paradise: Lorenzo Ghiberti's Renaissance Masterpiece</i>.
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(2007). <i>Artic.edu</i>. Retrieved 27 April 2018, from
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http://www.artic.edu/aic/exhibitions/ghiberti/themes.html</font></font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
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</p>
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</body>
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</html>
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