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Add criminology
2018-07-29 14:07:14 -04:00
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of Paper</font></p>
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Title</font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Joseph
J. Green</font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Northern
Arizona University</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Explain
the key features of corrections in 20th century America in an essay.
In your discussion of the evolving corrections system, include
details about prison programs, prison architecture, female offenders,
racial disparities, and key developments during the early, mid, and
late century. At the end of your essay, make a prediction about how
corrections will change in America through the 21st century. </font>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Programs</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Architecture</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Female</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Racial</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Developments</font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Intro</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">1
Early 21<sup>st</sup> centry</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Less
focus on penance, more focus on individual treatement, educational
programs, vocational programs, early release, indetermenant senteces.
(SANDEAGO)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
</p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Many
prison camps and farms dominate in the south, while the north favors
peniteneries (PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
</p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Pushed
for a seperation of adults, children, and females, within the prison
system (SANEASGO) Though women were usually put to domestic chores
which didn’t help support the prisons (PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
</p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Large
black poulation 9% of American adult pop and 31% of prison
pop(Pearson)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
</p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> A
major objective was to end contract labor (SANDEAGO.EDU)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> 1887,
federal prisoners were not allowed to be used for contract labor,
lead to the establishment of the first federal prisons.
(SANDEAGO.EDU)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Began
the juvinile cour system (SANDEAGO</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
</p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Focus
on inmates to produce products that helps support the prision
systems. The unpopular contract labor system was changed over to
labor for the state, such as for licensens plates. Prison industry
declines (PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> </font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">2
Mid 21<sup>st</sup> century</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">early riots
Lack of programs looking for better treatment(PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> 1940s
saw a return to Rehabilatative era begins (SALVE)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> focuse
on education, vocation, etc… (SALVE)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Diagnosis
is added to programs helping to rehibilitate prisoners (PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Martinson
realized that no one treatement reduced rates of prisoners returning
to the system after being released (SALVE)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Funding
for prisoner treatment programs decline after Martinson’s findings
(PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><br/>
</p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Most
southern states had at least one central penitentiary, most prisoners
still on large prison farms. (PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Telephone
pole prison design flourished (pearson)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> </font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Increase
in women equality in areas such as having similar vocational and
treatment programs (PEARSON).</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Less
Foreign-born caucasian immigrants in prisons. Increase in blacks,
hispanics, and natives. (PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> </font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Eary
20<sup>th</sup> century Hands off doctrine ended (UFL.EDU) –
Basically meant that prisoners are slaves to the state. Protected
states from judical condemation. When this was repealed, a huge
demand for prisoner rights ensued. Supreme court began to give
constitutional protects to prisoners.</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Civil
rights movement included an interest in prisoners (PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> </font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> </font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">3
Late 19<sup>th</sup> century to current</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Return
to the theory that crimes are a choice, not a sickness,
rehabilitation falls out of favor. Reliances on incapacitation to
warehouse serious offenders as a way to protect society. (PEARSON)</font></p>
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</p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Bigger,
more secure prisons (PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">More
recognization that men and women are different. Different approaches
obtained. Women are considered lower risk to the public so should
have greater consideration for community-based sentences</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Blacks
comprise 12% of national population, but more than 40% of the prison
population</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Retribution
for victums gets increased attention (PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Focus
on being tougher on crime (PEARSON)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Mandatory
sentencing and increaed drug penalties leads to more prisons being
built, more prisoners, and over crowding (Pearson)</font></p>
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</p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">5
Conclusion</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Seems
to be the start of a patern. We started with focusing on punishment,
and ended with focusing on punishment. Soon, the focus, if the patter
repeats, will return to focusing on helping criminals.</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Prisons
will become better for inmates</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> People
believe that harsh conditions makes for worse people</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Overcrowding
will be a major interest</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Reflects
poorly on the United States to have such a huge percapita prisoner
count</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Drug
crimes will be lessoned (they already have in many states)</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> Prison
terms sentanced will remain high. People want prisoners to stay in
prison. Still in the retributive era where we are tough on crime.</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"> </font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">outro</font></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">RESOURCES</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><a href="http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/soc/prison.html">http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/soc/prison.html</a></font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">PEARSON
BOOK</font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><a href="https://www.law.ufl.edu/_pdf/academics/centers/cgr/11th_conference/Tim_Maloney_Rights_of_Detainees.pdf">https://www.law.ufl.edu/_pdf/academics/centers/cgr/11th_conference/Tim_Maloney_Rights_of_Detainees.pdf</a></font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><a href="https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1079&amp;context=pell_theses">https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1079&amp;context=pell_theses</a></font></p>
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